Nighttime composite image of the SKA combining all elements in South Africa and Australia.
SKAO, ICRAR, SARAO / Acknowledgment: The GLEAM view of the centre of the Milky Way, in radio colour. Credit: Natasha Hurley-Walker (Curtin / ICRAR) and the GLEAM Team.
After a 30 year wait and seven years of design and engineering work, construction has finally started in South Africa and Western Australia on what will together be humanitys biggest-ever telescope.
The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will cost $2.2 billion and comprise two large and complex radio telescope networks197 radio dishes in Karoo in South Africas Northern Cape and 131,072 antennas in Murchison, deep in the outback of Western Australia.
Together they will form a total collecting area of one kilometer spanning two continents, which will allows the detection of very faint radio signals.
I am ecstaticthis moment has been 30 years in the making, said Professor Philip Diamond, Director-General of SKAO, during an announcement at its global HQ in the U.K. this week. Humankind is taking another giant leap by committing to build what will be the largest science facility of its kind on the planet.
SKAO is designed to unlock some of the secrets of the cosmos using radio astronomythe study of the night sky in radio frequencies. Radio telescopes detect and amplify radio waves from spaceelectromagnetic radiation emitted by stars, galaxies and other cosmic objects.
SKAO will help astronomers figure-out:
- the formation and evolution of galaxies.
- fundamental physics in extreme environments.
- the origins of life.
Close-up artist’s impression of the SKA-Mid dishes and the MeerKAT dishes in South Africa. The 15m … [+] wide dish telescopes, will provide the SKA with some of its highest resolution imaging capability, working towards the upper range of radio frequencies which the SKA will cover.
SKA Organisation
The SKAO is all about interferometrymany small antennas connected by optical fiber to create a virtual telescope called an array. It will boast far greater sensitivity and finer resolution than from one giant radio dish.
The names of the two sitesSKA-Mid (South Africa) and SKA-Low (Western Australia)describe the radio frequency range they each cover.
At SKA-Mid 197 parabolic radio dishes will be built, each 50 feet/15 meters in diameter. The South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) has already built around a third of them.
Meanwhile, SKA-Low will install a total of 131,072 low-frequency aperture array telescopes, each 6.5 feet/2 meters tall. Theyre being constructed with support from the Wajarri Yamaji, the traditional indigenous owners of the land on which the SKA-Low telescope will be built. The SKAO will be a good neighbour and will work with Indigenous communities, to ensure that they also benefit from the SKA project, said Diamond. We certainly intend to play our part in supporting local communities and boosting the local economy.
Close up artist rendition. Image of the Australian SKA LFAA (Low Frequency Aperture Array) … [+] instrument. These dipole antenna, which will number in their hundreds of thousands, will survey the radio sky in frequencies as low at 50Mhz.
SKA Organisation
Its estimated that they the two sites will together create 710 petabytes of science data when fully operational.
Thats expected to be 2029 after which astronomers can expect 50 years or more of transformational science, though it will be possible to conduct science within a few years.
The SKA Projects founding members comprise Australia, China, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, South Africa and the U.K. while France and Spain are also headed towards membership. Switzerland, Canada, Germany, India, Sweden, Japan and South Korea are also involved.
Wishing you clear skies and wide eyes.